Lithium batteries are a type of battery that uses a non-aqueous electrolyte solution with lithium metal or lithium alloy as the positive/negative electrode material. The lithium metal battery was first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912. In the 1970s, Mr. S. Whittingham proposed and began researching lithium-ion batteries. Due to the very active chemistry of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal has very high environmental requirements. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have become mainstream.

Lithium batteries can be broadly divided into two main categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain lithium metal and are rechargeable. The fifth generation of rechargeable batteries, lithium metal batteries, was born in 1996 and has better safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and cost performance than lithium ion batteries. Due to its own high-tech requirements, only a few companies in a few countries produce these lithium metal batteries.