New energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles and hydrogen engine vehicles. 

Pure Electric Vehicles

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) is a type of vehicle that uses a single battery as the energy storage power source. It uses the battery as the energy storage power source and provides electrical energy to the electric motor through the battery to drive the electric motor, thus driving the vehicle. The main rechargeable batteries for pure electric vehicles are lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries, etc. These batteries can provide the power for pure electric vehicles. At the same time, pure electric vehicles also use the batteries to store electrical energy to drive the electric motor to run the vehicle properly. 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles

A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a vehicle whose main drive system is a combination of at least two individual drive systems that can operate simultaneously. The driving power of a hybrid electric vehicle depends mainly on the state of the hybrid vehicle: one is provided by a single drive system alone; the second is provided by multiple drive systems together.

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

The Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) is a vehicle that uses hydrogen, methanol, natural gas and petrol as reactants to burn with oxygen in the air under the action of a catalyst to generate electricity to power the vehicle. Essentially, the fuel cell electric vehicle is one of the electric vehicles and has many similarities to electric vehicles in terms of performance and design. The reason for dividing them into two categories is that fuel cell electric vehicles convert hydrogen, methanol, natural gas and petrol into electrical energy through a chemical reaction, whereas pure electric vehicles rely on charging to replenish their electrical energy.

Hydrogen-powered vehicles

The Hydrogen Powered Vehicle (HPV), mainly fuelled by a hydrogen-powered fuel cell, is the most environmentally friendly of the new energy vehicles and can achieve zero pollution and emissions. However, the cost of producing a hydrogen powered vehicle is 20% higher than the cost of a conventional fuel vehicle, and the cost of a hydrogen powered vehicle battery is very high.

Extended Range Electric Vehicles

The Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) is similar to an electric vehicle in that the battery provides kinetic energy to the electric motor, which drives the motor to drive the vehicle. However, EREVs have a petrol or diesel engine in the body of the vehicle, which the driver can use to recharge the battery of the EREV in the event that the battery is low.

Methanol vehicles

A vehicle that uses methanol instead of petroleum fuel.

Pneumatic vehicles

Airpowerd vehiele (APV), or pneumatic vehicles, use high-pressure compressed air as a power source, converting the pressure energy stored in the compressed air into other forms of mechanical energy to drive the vehicle. In theory, other gas-powered vehicles, such as liquid air and liquid nitrogen, which are powered by heat-absorbing expansion, should also fall into the category of pneumatic vehicles.

Flywheel energy storage vehicle

The process by which some of the kinetic or gravitational potential energy of a vehicle during deceleration or braking is converted into other forms of energy and stored in a high-speed flywheel for use in driving the vehicle. The flywheel uses magnetic levitation and rotates at a high speed of 70,000 r/min. The advantages of the flywheel as an auxiliary in hybrid vehicles are the increased energy efficiency, light weight, high energy storage, fast energy in/out response and long life with low maintenance.  

Supercapacitor vehicles

Supercapacitors are capacitors that use the double layer principle. Under the action of the electric field generated by the charges on the two electrode plates of the supercapacitor, opposite charges are formed at the interface between the electrolyte and the electrodes to balance the internal electric field of the electrolyte. This positive and negative charges are arranged in opposite positions on the contact surface between two different phases with a very short gap between the positive and negative charges, and this charge distribution layer is called the double electric layer and therefore has a very high electric capacity. （The hybrid power supply composed of supercapacitor and battery can fully meet the energy demand of the vehicle when driving, and can buffer the impact of the instantaneous high power on the energy storage system and prolong the service life of the battery. In addition, the supercapacitor can be recharged instantaneously with high current, allowing for a more efficient return of energy.